Zul Hijjah – The Month of Hajj and Qurbaani

Zul Hijjah – The Month of Hajj and Qurbaani

Zul Hijjah is the last month of the Islamic calendar. Though the entire month of Zul Hijjah is sacred and blessed, the first ten days and nights of Zul Hijjah have even greater sanctity and virtue.

In regard to the first ten days of Zul Hijjah, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “The best days in the world are the ten days (of Zul Hijjah).”[1]

Hazrat Anas (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) has mentioned that the Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) would say that each of the first ten days of Zul Hijjah is equal to one thousand days in virtue, while the 9th (the Day of Arafah) is equal to ten thousand days in virtue.[2]

As far as the first ten nights of Zul Hijjah are concerned, then their greatness and virtue can be gauged by the fact that in the Qur’aan Majeed, Allah Ta‘ala had taken a qasm (oath) on these ten nights. Allah Ta’ala says:

وَ  الۡفَجۡرِ ۙ﴿۱﴾ وَ  لَیَالٍ عَشۡرٍ ۙ﴿۲﴾

(I take an oath) by the break of dawn and by the ten nights (of Zul Hijjah)[3]

The commentators of the Qur’aan Majeed explain that in this verse, the ten nights upon which Allah Ta‘ala takes an oath refer to the first ten nights of Zul Hijjah.

The Special Virtue and Significance of the First Ten Days and Nights of Zul Hijjah

  1. Fasting during the days is equal to fasting for an entire year, and standing in salaah during the nights is equal to performing salaah on Laylatul Qadr.

Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “There are no days in the year wherein the worship of Allah Ta’ala is more beloved to Him than the (first) ten days of Zul Hijjah. The fast during these days (excluding the tenth) is equivalent to the fast of an entire year, and standing up in ibaadah during these nights is equivalent to the reward of the night of Qadr .”[4]

  1. The Ibaadah carried out in these days earns more reward than the ibaadah carried out at any other time.

Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “There is no righteous action carried out in any day of the year that is more virtuous than the righteous action carried out in these ten days of Zul Hijjah.” The Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) asked, “Not even jihaad?” Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) replied, “Not even jihaad, except for the one who endangers his life and wealth (in jihaad) and does not return with anything (i.e. the jihaad carried out in the ten days of Zul Hijjah is more virtuous than jihaad during the rest of the year, except for the jihaad of the mujaahid who gains martyrdom).”[5]

  1. Fasting on the ninth of Zul Hijjah (the Day of Arafah) expiates two years of sins.

Hazrat Abu Qataadah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that once, a Sahaabi asked Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam), “What is the reward of fasting on the day of Arafah?” Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) replied, “It expiates the (minor) sins of the present year and the previous year.”[6]

  1. Jannah is compulsory for the one who enlivens the nights of the 8th, 9th and 10th of Zul Hijjah with ibaadah.

Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “The one who enlivens five nights of the year with ibaadah, Jannah becomes compulsory for him. (These five nights are) the night of Tarwiyah (8th of Zul Hijjah), the night of Arafah (9th of Zul Hijjah), the night of Nahr (10th of Zul Hijjah), the night of Eidul Fitr and the night of the 15th of Sha’baan.”[7]

  1. The one who enlivens the night of Eid with ibaadah, his heart will be safeguarded and protected from the fitnahs when the people’s hearts will be affected with the fitnahs.

Hazrat Abu Umaamah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “The one who stands up in salaah on the two nights of Eid with the hope of receiving reward from Allah Ta’ala, his heart will remain alive on the day when all the hearts will die.”[8]

  1. The rewards of good deeds are multiplied seven-hundred times during the first ten days of Zul Hijjah.

Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “There are no days more beloved to Allah in which good deeds are carried out as much as these ten days (i.e. the first ten days of Zul Hijjah). Hence, you should abundantly recite ‘La ilaaha illallah’ and ‘Allahu Akbar’, and engage in abundant zikr (in these days). Indeed, fasting one of these days is equal to fasting for an entire year, and during these days, (the rewards for) actions are multiplied seven-hundred times.”[9]

Zikr to be Recited During the First Ten Days and Nights of Zul Hijjah

In the Hadith, it is mentioned that one should abundantly recite the following zikr during the first ten days and nights of Zul Hijjah:

سُبْحَانَ اللهِ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ

Hazrat Ibnu Abbaas (radhiyallahu ‘anhuma) reports that Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “There are no days in the year wherein the worship of Allah Ta’ala is greater (in reward) and more beloved to Him than the first ten days (and nights) of Zul Hijjah. Therefore, increase the recitation of tasbeeh, tahleel, tahmeed and takbeer.” i.e.

سُبْحَانَ اللهِ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ [10]

Zikr and Dua on the Day of Arafah

The day of Arafah is the greatest day from the first ten days of Zul Hijjah. Similarly, the day of Arafah is the greatest day of the year. On this day, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) recited certain azkaar in abundance. Among the various azkaar that he recited is the following:

لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ وَهُوَ عَلٰى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيْرٌ

There is no deity besides Allah Ta‘ala alone, who has no partner. To Him belongs the kingdom (of the entire universe), and only for Him belongs all praise. In His hands (control) alone lies all good and He alone has complete power over everything.[11]

Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr bin Aas (radhiyallahu ‘anhuma) said that the abovementioned zikr was the zikr that Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) recited the most on the Day of Arafah.

One should also engage in abundant dua on the Day of Arafah. It is reported that Hazrat Ali (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) mentioned that on this day, Allah Ta’ala emancipates more people from the fire of Jahannum than on any other day. Hence, Hazrat Ali (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) would make the following dua on the day of Arafah and also encouraged some of his companions to make the same dua:

اَللّٰهُمَّ أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَتِيْ مِنَ النَّارِ وَأَوْسِعْ لِيْ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ الْحَلالِ وَاصْرِفْ عَنِّيْ فَسَقَةَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ

O Allah! Free my neck from the fire of Jahannum, bless me with abundant halaal sustenance, and repel from me the evil and transgressive jinn and people.[12]

The Great Sunnah of Takbeer-e-Tashreeq

Among the sunnats of Zul Hijjah is the recitation of the Takbeer-e-Tashreeq. Takbeer-e-Tashreeq should be recited by both males and females from the Fajr of the 9th of Zul Hijjah till Asr on the 13th of Zul Hijjah (23 fardh salaahs). Males will recite it audibly while females will recite it softly after every fardh salaah.[13]

It is reported from Hazrat Ali (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) that he would recite the Takbeer-e-Tashreeq from the Fajr Salaah on the day of Arafah (9th Zul Hijjah) till the Asr Salaah on the last day of Tashreeq (13th Zul Hijjah).[14]

The Takbeer-e-Tashreeq is as follows:

اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللهُ اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ وَلِلّٰهِ الْحَمْدْ

Allah Ta‘ala is the greatest! Allah Ta‘ala is the greatest! There is none worthy of worship besides Allah Ta‘ala. Allah Ta‘ala is the greatest! Allah Ta‘ala is the greatest, and for Him alone is all praise!

Qurbaani

Qurbaani (slaughtering a sacrificial animal) is also among the great acts of worship that are exclusive to the month of Zul Hijjah.

In regard to the immense reward that one receives for carrying out the qurbaani, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “There is no action dearer to Allah Ta’ala during the days of qurbaani than the spilling of the blood (i.e. the sacrificing of animals). The sacrificed animal shall come on the day of Qiyaamah with its horns, hair and hooves (to be weighed). The sacrifice is accepted by Allah Ta’ala before the blood reaches the ground. Therefore, carry out the qurbaani in the condition that your heart is pleased and happy to fulfil the command of Allah Ta’ala.”[15]

Hence, if qurbaani is waajib upon a person, then he must ensure that he fulfils the qurbaani.

Those Performing Qurbaani Refraining from Clipping Nails and Trimming Hair

Furthermore, it is mustahab for those intending to perform qurbaani to refrain from clipping their nails and trimming their hair from the beginning of the month of Zul Hijjah until their qurbaani animal is slaughtered.[16]

Hazrat Ummu Salamah (radhiyallahu ‘anha) reports that Hazrat Nabi (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “The one who intends making qurbaani should refrain from cutting his hair and clipping his nails from the time the crescent (of Zul Hijjah) is sighted till he completes his qurbaani.”[17]


[1] عن جابر رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال أفضل أيام الدنيا العشر يعني عشر ذي الحجة (الترغيب والترهيب، الرقم:1785) قال المنذري: رواه البزار بإسناد حسن وأبو يعلى بإسناد صحيح

[2] لطائف المعارف: صـ 460

[3] سورة الفجر: 1-2

[4] سنن الترمذي، الرقم: 758، وقال: هذا حديث غريب

[5] صحيح البخاري، الرقم: 969

[6] صحيح ابن حبان، الرقم: 3631

[7] تاريخ ابن عساكر 43/93، وقد ذكره المنذري في الترغيب والترهيب، الرقم: 1656، بلفظة “عن”، إشارة إلى كونه صحيحا أو حسنا أو ما قاربهما عنده كما بين أصله في مقدمة كتابه 1/50

[8] سنن ابن ماجة، الرقم: 1782 ، وقال العلامة المنذري رحمه الله في الترغيب والترهيب (2/98): رواه ابن ماجه ورواته ثقات إلا أن بقية مدلس وقد عنعنه، وقال العلامة البوصيري رحمه الله في مصباح الزجاجة (2/85): هذا إسناد ضعيف لتدليس بقية ورواته ثقات لكن لم ينفرد به بقية عن ثور بن يزيد فقد رواه الأصبهاني في كتاب الترغيب من طريق عمر بن هارون البلخي وهو ضعيف عن ثور به وله شاهد من حديث عبادة بن الصامت رواه الطبراني في الأوسط والكبير والأصبهاني من حديث معاذ بن جبل فيقوى بمجموع طرقه

[9] عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما من أيام أفضل عند الله ولا العمل فيهن أحب إلى الله عز وجل من هذه الأيام يعني من العشر فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتكبير وذكر الله وإن صيام يوم منها يعدل بصيام سنة والعمل فيهن يضاعف بسبعمائة ضعف (الترغيب والترهيب، الرقم: 1787)

[10] المعجم الكبير للطبراني، الرقم: 11116، وقال العلامة الهيثمي رحمه الله في مجمع الزوائد، الرقم: 5932: قلت: هو في الصحيح باختصار التسبيح وغيره رواه الطبراني في الكبير ورجاله رجال الصحيح

[11] مسند أحمد، الرقم: 7080، و قال العلامة الهيثمي رحمه الله في مجمع الزوائد، الرقم: 5550، رواه أحمد ورجاله موثقون

[12] ومنها كثرة الدعاء بالمغفرة والعتق فإنه يرجى إجابة الدعاء فيه روى ابن أبي الدنيا بإسناده عن علي قال ليس في الأرض يوم إلا لله فيه عتقاء من النار وليس يوم أكثر فيه عتقا للرقاب من يوم عرفة فأكثر فيه أن تقول: اللهم أعتق رقبتي من النار وأوسع لي من الرزق الحلال واصرف عني فسقة الجن والإنس فإنه عامة دعائي اليوم (لطائف المعارف صـ 284)

[13] (وقالا بوجوبه فور كل فرض مطلقا) ولو منفردا أو مسافرا أو امرأة لأنه تبع للمكتوبة (إلى) عصر اليوم الخامس (آخر أيام التشريق وعليه الاعتماد) والعمل والفتوى في عامة الأمصار وكافة الأعصار ولا بأس به عقب العيد لأن المسلمين توارثوه فوجب اتباعهم وعليه البلخيون ولا يمنع العامة من التكبير في الأسواق في الأيام العشر وبه نأخذ بحر ومجتبى وغيره (الدر المختار 2/180)

ابتداء وانتهاء التكبير وتكبير التشريق أوله بعد فجر يوم عرفة وآخره بعد عصر يوم النحر (تحفة الملوك صــ 95)

والمرأة تخافت بالتكبير لأن صوتها عورة (تبيين الحقائق 1/227)

[14] كتاب الآثار للإمام محمد، الرقم: 208

[15] سنن الترمذي، الرقم: 1493، وقال: حديث حسن غريب لا نعرفه من حديث هشام بن عروة إلا من هذا الوجه

[16] قال في شرح المنية وفي المضمرات عن ابن المبارك في تقليم الأظفار وحلق الرأس في العشر أي عشر ذي الحجة قال لا تؤخر السنة وقد ورد ذلك ولا يجب التأخير اهـ ومما ورد في صحيح مسلم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا دخل العشر وأراد بعضكم أن يضحي فلا يأخذن شعرا ولا يقلمن ظفرا فهذا محمول على الندب دون الوجوب بالإجماع فظهر قوله ولا يجب التأخير إلا أن نفي الوجوب لا ينافي الاستحباب فيكون مستحبا إلا إن استلزم الزيادة على وقت إباحة التأخير ونهايته ما دون الأربعين فلا يباح فوقها (رد المحتار 2\181)

[17] صحيح مسلم، الرقم: 1977

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