A: If a person discharged the zakaat to a muslim whom he regarded to be eligible for zakaat then the zakaat will be discharged.
( دفع بتحر ) لمن يظنه مصرفا ( فبان أنه عبده أو مكاتبه أو حربي ولو مستأمنا أعادها ) لما مر ( وإن بان غناه أو كونه ذميا أو أنه أبوه أو ابنه أو امرأته أو هاشمي لا ) يعيد لأنه أتى بما في وسعه حتى لو دفع بلا تحر لم يجز إن أخطأ (شامى 2/352)
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A: The fundamental requirement in the discharging of zakaat is the aspect of Tamleek i.e. to transfer ownership of the wealth to the recipient of zakaat. Since this requirement is not fulfilled in the case where the person paid the water or light account, the zakaat will not be discharged. However, if one fears that if he gives the money to the poor man then instead of him paying his water or light account he will misuse the wealth then in this situation he may ask the poor man for permission to pay the account on his behalf. In this way the zakaat will be discharged.
ويشترط أن يكون الصرف ( تمليكا ) لا إباحة كما مر ( لا ) يصرف ( إلى بناء ) نحو ( مسجد و ) لا إلى ( كفن ميت وقضاء دينه ) أما دين الحي الفقير فيجوز لو بأمره ( شامى 2/344 )
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A: If the person discharging the zakaat has the intention of zakaat at the time he gifted the wealth or loaned it to the poor person, the zakaat will be discharged. However, in the case where he gave the zakaat as a loan it is impermissible for him to take back the wealth. If he takes it back he will be sinful.
قوله ( نية ) أشار إلى أنه لا اعتبار للتسمية فلو سماها هبة أو قرضا تجزيه في الأصح ( شامى 2/268)
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A: If the employee willfully invests his money in the fund or commanded the company to invest it on his behalf or consented to the investment, then in all these situations zakaat will be waajib on the payout received. Zakaat will be waajib for the current year as well as the previous years. However, if the employer deducted a certain percentage of the employee’s salary without his consent, then zakaat will not be waajib on the payout received for the previous years.
(و) البيع الباطل ( حكمه عدم ملك المشتري إياه ) إذا قبضه ( فلا ضمان لو هلك ) المبيع ( عنده ) لأنه أمانة وصحح في القنية ضمانه قيل وعليه الفتوى (شامى 5/59)
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A: Zakaat is not waajib upon wealth received from the insurance company after the demise of the policy holder. However, if the wealth was received during his lifetime, then he is obligated to pay zakaat of the current year as well as the previous years.
(و) البيع الباطل (حكمه عدم ملك المشتري إياه) إذا قبضه (فلا ضمان لو هلك) المبيع (عنده) لأنه أمانة وصحح في القنية ضمانه قيل وعليه الفتوى (شامى 5/59)
Note: It is impermissible for a believer to involve himself in any insurance policy as the elements of gambling and interest are found. If a person has taken out an insurance policy of any kind, then he should sincerely repent and cancel the contract.
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